Even though electric bikes have been around for quite some time, those unfamiliar with the technology still ask the question: Do you have to pedal an electric bike? After all, part of the appeal of electric bikes is the electric motor and battery. So doesn’t that mean the bike can do all the work for you?
Well, things are a bit more complicated than that. And the answer to that question depends on the type of electric bike you’re riding and how it delivers power. Some bikes require constant pedalling, while others can cruise along with little effort from you.
In this article, we’ll break down how electric bikes work and what that means for your pedalling duties. So, let’s get going.
How Does an Electric Bike Work?
Electric bikes don’t look all that different from traditional bicycles. However, a couple of major components give e-bikes their signature boost and set them apart from traditional bicycles. These are:
- A motor.
- A battery.
Here’s how these two components make the difference.
When you start pedalling or - in some cases - twist a throttle, the motor draws power from the battery to assist your movement. This boost makes it easier to accelerate, climb hills, or ride longer distances without tiring out.
Most e-bikes come with multiple levels of assistance. On lower levels, you’ll still feel like you’re doing most of the work, as the e-bike provides minimal assistance. But, with higher assistance settings, the motor takes on more of the workload, perfect for uphill rides or when you’re feeling lazy.
The battery powers the motor and can usually be charged from a standard outlet. Depending on the electric bike, one charge can last anywhere from 40 to 120 kilometres or more. The presence of a battery also allows extra features like a headlight, a tail light, a horn, and even indicators.
Now that you know how an e-bike works, let’s take a look at the two different types of e-bikes and how they work, starting with pedal assist.
What Is Pedal Assist and How Does It Work?
Pedal assist is one of the most common features of electric bikes. It’s like having a tailwind at your back, except it’s built into the bike. Here’s how it works.
- When you start pedalling, sensors detect your movement and send a signal to the motor.
- The motor kicks in to give you extra power. You’re still pedalling, but the pedal assist makes it feel a whole lot easier.
Depending on the bike, you might find either cadence sensors or torque sensors. Cadence sensors will activate the motor as soon as you start pedalling. Torque sensors, on the other hand, adjust power based on how hard you’re pedalling.
Most e-bikes come with multiple levels of pedal assistance.
Lower levels only provide a gentle push, which is great for flat roads or when you want to conserve battery. Higher levels give you more of a boost and are perfect for climbing hills or powering through headwinds. The best part is that you still get your exercise in. But, because the pedal assist is sharing your workload, you won’t feel tired halfway through your ride.
Plus, you can turn off the pedal assist altogether if you want to ride your electric bike like a regular bicycle.
What is a Throttle E-Bike and How Does It Work?
An electric bike with a throttle can move without you pedalling at all. Just push a button or twist the throttle, and the motor will move the bike itself. No pedalling needed.
It’s the closest thing to riding a scooter while still having the option to pedal when you want.
The throttle is usually located on the handlebars, similar to what you'd find on a motorbike. There are two main types of e-bike throttles:
- Twist throttles: Rotate like a motorcycle grip.
- Thumb throttles: Press with your thumb while riding.
With a throttle, you can ride entirely on electric power. It’s perfect for getting a quick start at traffic lights, taking a break on long rides, or cruising without breaking a sweat. That said, electric bikes with a throttle option do drain the battery faster than pedal-assist-only bikes, especially if you're riding without pedalling most of the time.
Some e-bikes combine throttle and pedal assist, so you can switch between modes based on how you’re feeling or what the road demands.
Do You Have to Pedal an Electric Bike?
As said above, the answer to this question depends on the type of e-bike you're riding.
If you’re using a pedal-assist electric bike, then yes, you have to pedal for the motor to kick in. These bikes are designed to give you a boost while you’re pedalling, not replace the effort altogether. You’re still getting a workout, but it feels smoother and less strenuous, especially on hills or long rides.
If you’re on a throttle-controlled electric bike, then you don’t have to pedal if you don’t want to. Just press the throttle, and the motor will do the work for you. This makes throttle bikes a great choice if you want the flexibility to switch between active and relaxed riding modes.
Alternatively, some e-bikes offer both pedal assist and throttle functions. In that case, you can choose whether you want to pedal, use the throttle, or use a little bit of both.
So, while you don’t always have to pedal, the option is usually there. Plus, pedalling helps you go farther, stay active, and get more out of your electric bike.
Which Electric Bike Type Is Right For You?
Choosing between pedal-assist and throttle electric bikes comes down to how you plan to use your bike and what kind of riding experience you’re after.
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Pedal Assist Electric Bike: If you enjoy pedalling but want a little help, especially on hills or longer routes, a pedal-assist bike might be your best fit. It’s a great option if you’re commuting, exercising, or just want to make cycling more accessible without giving it up entirely.
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Throttle Electric Bike: If you're after maximum convenience, or if you have mobility issues or a condition that makes pedalling difficult, a throttle e-bike can offer more flexibility. It allows you to ride with minimal physical effort and is perfect for stop-start city traffic or quick errands around town.
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Hybrid Electric Bike: If you want the best of both worlds, look for a hybrid e-bike that combines pedal assist with a throttle. You can pedal when you want to stay active, and switch to throttle when you need a break.
Think about your daily routine, terrain, and fitness goals. No matter which type you choose, the right electric bike should fit your lifestyle and make riding easier and more enjoyable.
Conclusion
Electric bikes are built for flexibility. Some require a bit of pedalling, others let you coast with zero effort, and many give you the freedom to switch between both. That’s what makes them so appealing.
Whether you’re riding for fitness, commuting to work, or just enjoying the open road, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. What matters most is finding the setup that feels right for you.
So, do you have to pedal an electric bike? Not necessarily. But once you start riding, you might find that you want to.